Shah Abdul Aziz Muhaddith Dehlavi 11 October 1746 - 5 June 1824 شاہ عبد العزیز دھلوی was a Hadith hadith scholar and Mujadid Sufi and an Indian translator.
He belonged to the Naqshbandi Sufi sect which originated in the tradition of violent retreat against modern-day Sunni culture.
The custom encouraged later Sunni scholarships, including Aziz's father Shah Waliullah. Aziz announced that Hindustan was Darul Harb.
Most Indian Hadith schools that exist to this day bear the name of Shah ʿAbd-al-ʿAzīz the chief of their educational descent. Shah Abdul Aziz was born on 25 Ramadan, 1159 AH 11 October 1746 AD.
M. Shah
Delhi during the reign of Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah 1719-1748. Delhi was the capital of the Mughal Empire. Shah Abdul Aziz was the eldest son of Shah Waliullah at the age of 17 when Shah Waliullah died.
Delhi
He took the place of Hadith's teacher instead of his father. He was a student of the Hanafi school of thought. He was a Muhaddith, a mufassir and a Mujtahid.
He declared India as Darul Harb a war-torn country under British rule and declared that it was incumbent upon Hindus and Muslims to fight the war of liberation Jang-e-Hurriyat, liberty, justice, and the Inquilab revolution against the British government.
In his Fatwa he wrote that expelling the English should be the main purpose; thereafter, it was lawful for Muslims or Hindus or both to hold office.
On its basis, Shah ʿAbd-al-ʿAzīz has rightly been regarded as the forerunner of the Indian liberation movement.
Shah Abd al-Aziz strongly criticized the Shi'a. Although he did not declare them to be heretics or non-Muslims, he viewed them as heretics and their practices similar to those of Hindus or other non-Muslims.
In the letter he advises the Sunnis not to greet the Shia first, and if the Shia greet them first. In his view, Sunnis should not marry Shia and refrain from eating their own food and animals slaughtered by Shiites.
In 1770 AD, Rohilla ruler Najib-ud Daula died and Afghan rule over Delhi was weakened. Mughal Emperor Shah Alam returned to Delhi adopted a national policy and appointed a Shia general, Najaf Khan.
Najaf Khan died in 1782, but his influence helped Shia re-settlers in Delhi. This is unacceptable to Shah Abd al-Aziz and he calls it a Shia conspiracy.
To create fear among the masses and to inspire them, he wrote in the book Tuhfa Asna Ashariya:
"In the region where we live, Isna Ashariyya's religion is so popular that one or two members of each family are Shia."
This was an obvious exaggeration. This tactic of portraying the Shia as dangerous and spreading fear among the Sunnis has become a common feature in all terrorist-oriented terrorist organizations.
Contrary to this claim, in the book "Malfuzat-i Shah Abd al-Aziz (ملفوظات شاہ عبد العزیز)", he states that no Shia remained in Delhi after the expulsion of Ahmad Shah Abdali, as had been predicted by his father Shah Waliullah.
How that a society that was completely cleansed thirty years ago reach such high prices in such a short time? The truth lies a bit in the middle: the expelled Shia have begun to return and will stay in their homes, and continue Muharram's protests that have angered him.
He compiled many of the books against the Shias he possessed, albeit in his own language and later added his own ideas, in one volume "Tuhfa Asna Ashariya (تحفہ اثنا عشریہ)".
Shah Abd al-Aziz published his book in 1789 AD, using the pen "Hafiz Ghulam Haleem". The book was born at a very important time in the history of the Small Continent.
In the nineteenth century, printing technology was introduced in India and printing was cheaper. The book was published in large quantities, sponsored by Sunni officials. Its Arabic translation was sent to the Middle East.
The first Shia response came from Mirza Muhammad Kamil Dihlavi, entitled "Nuzha-tu Asna Ashariya (نزھۃ اثنا عشریۃ)". Mirza was then summoned by the Sunni ruler of Jhajjar for medical reasons and was poisoned to death.
M. Kamil Dihlavi
The leading Shia theologian of the day, Ayatullah Syed Dildar Ali Naqvi, wrote various books on its major chapters. His students Mufti Muhammad Quli Musavi and Molana Syed Muhammad Naqvi also wrote rewriting books.
However, the book that gained widespread popularity in the scholarly circles was "Abqaat-ul Anwar fi Imamat-i Aaima til Athaar (عبقات الانوار فی امامۃ الائمۃ الاطہار)" by Ayatullah Mir Hamid Husain Musavi containing 18 volumes.
For a century, the influence of the Wahhabi sect led by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab had begun to affect the Indian subcontinent through Indian Hajj pilgrims and clerical pilgrims visiting the Hijaz.
Shah Abd al-Aziz used to criticize the practice of taqiya and other arts related to commemorating Muharram, but also wrote a short book entitled "Sirr al-Shahadatayn (سر الشہادتین)", in which he described Muharram's memorial.
Muharram is God's will to keep the memory of Imam Hussain's martyrdom alive. He also said that the assassination of Imam Hasan and Imam Hussain, in the air, was a martyrdom of the Prophet Muhammad.
He used to organize public gatherings in Muharram himself. Rizvi explains:
“In a letter dated 1822 CE, he wrote of two conferences that he used to hold in his house and that is generally regarded as legal in the opinion of Shari’a.
One commemorates the death of the Prophet Muhammad and the other commemorates the martyrdom of Imam Hasan and Imam Hussain on the tenth day of Muharram or a day or two earlier.
And they that had gathered it were four hundred threescores and five thousand. They speak from the heart. After the arrival of the Shah himself, it was explained the greatness of Imam Hasan and Imam Hussain, as narrated in the hadith works.
Prophecies concerning their martyrdom, the circumstances leading up to it, and the wickedness of those killed were also recounted. Experts on the martyrdom of Mrs.
Salma and friends of the Prophet were also described. Those horrible visions, which Ibn Abbas and other friends of the Prophet saw in connection with the Prophet's grief over the tragic death of his grandson, were also narrated.
The session concluded with the translation of the Quran and Fatiha from any food available. Those who could say a salam or a beautiful song did so.
Those present, including Shah Abd al-Aziz, wept. " But it was also in the 19th century that non-puritanical and revivalist movements began to emerge among Muslims. Muharram was limited to Shia only.
Shah Abdul Aziz translated the Qur'an into Urdu, 50 years of Shah Wali 'Allah's Persian translation when the Urdu language began to take the place of Persian.
He completed the description of his father from Surat Al-Maida to verse thirteen of al-Hujurat. He wrote and called for several letters, even though some differ in number from fifty to about two hundred.
He coined a number of legal concepts, most notably religious dissenters, especially the veneration of saints from the Shi'ah.
In an effort to integrate it into the British colonial system, he suggested that English be taught in the Sunni Muslim community, with the long-term intention of participating in the civil service of the British Empire in India.
Shah Abdul Aziz died on the morning of 7th Shawwal, 1239 Hijri / 5 June 1824 in Delhi during the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar Shah.
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