Hazrat Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin

 Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin in Arabic: عَلِيّ ٱبْن ٱلْحُسَيْن زَيْن ٱلْعَابِدِين), also known as al-Sajjad Arabic: ٱلسَّجَّاد, "The Consistent دى ', على عليد, على عليدي على على يوبيد عليد. 

Worshipers ", c. 4 January 659 - c. 20 October 713 was the Imam of Shi'i Islam after his father Husayn ibn Ali, his uncle Hasan ibn Ali, and his grandfather, Ali.

Ali ibn Husayn survived the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE, after which he and other surviving family members and friends of Husayn were taken to Yazid I in Damascus. 

Eventually, he was allowed to return to Medina, where he lived a secretive life with a few close friends. His life and words were centered on self-denial and religious teachings, especially in the form of supplication and supplication. 

Battle of Karbala 

His famous supplication is known as Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya "Sajjad Text. His name was Ali, although he was not the only son of Husayn named Ali. 

There were two other Allies killed in Karbala. One of them was a child, named Ali al-Asghar Little Ali in Shia literature. One was Ali al-Akbar Elder Ali. 

Ali al-Akbar Elder Ali

Some Shia historians say that Zayn al-Abidin was Ali al-Awsat Middle Ali and that his older brother was killed along with the baby. Other sources point to Zayn al-Abidin, the eldest of three brothers.

Other Sunni historians, including Ibn Sa, 'd, Ibn Qutaybah, al-Baladhuri, and al-Tabari, referred to Zayn al-Abidin as Ali al-Asghar. Kadi al-Numan, however, calls Zayn al-Abidin Ali al-Akbar, his older brother. 

Ali's cousins ​​are Abu'l-Ḥasan, Abu'l-Ḥosayn, Abū Moḥammad, Abū Bakr, and Abū ʿAbdallāh. He was given the venerable Sajjad always bowing down, Zayn al-Abidin adornment of worshipers, and Zaki pure. He was also called Ḏu’l-ṯafenāt because of the wounds that formed his body due to frequent kneeling.

Ali's father was Husayn ibn Ali, the third Shia Imam, followed by his brother Hasan ibn Ali, the second Shia Imam, and his father, Ali, the first Shia Imam. Ali's mother is named after various names, Barra, Ḡazāla, Solāfa, Salāma, Šāhzanān, Šāhbānūya. 

According to Ibn Qutaybah, he was a slave to Sind. Some Shia traditions say that Ali ibn al-Husayn was related to his mother Shahrbanu, daughter of Yazdegerd III, to the last Sasani emperor. Two excellent ", meaning Cushites among Arabs and Persians among non-Arabs. 

 According to some accounts, Shahrbanu, daughter of the princess of Maha Talat Sindhi, was brought as a captive to Medina during the reign of Umar or possibly Uthman or Ali who wanted to betray him. died shortly after giving birth to her only son, Ali.

Ali ibn al-Husayn was related to his Sasani blood to Byzantine emperors Maurice and Tiberius II Constantine by princess Mariam, known as Shirin, daughter of Emperor Maurice.

According to Donaldson, Ali ibn al-Husayn was two years old when his grandfather, Ali, died. He lived for ten years during the Imamate of his uncle, Hasan ibn Ali, ten years during the reign of his father, Husayn ibn Ali, and thirty-five years as Imam himself. 

Thus Ali died in 94 or 95 at the age of fifty-seven, during the reign of al-Walid I, when Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik was a young man. Ali ibn al-Husayn was born in Medina in Hejaz, now Saudi Arabia, in the year 38 / 658–9. 

Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik

He may have been too young to remember his grandfather Ali; he was raised in the presence of his uncle Hasan and his father Husayn, the descendants of Muhammad. 

In 61 AH (680 CE), the grandson of Muhammad Husayn ibn Ali and a group of supporters and relatives were killed in the battle of Karbala by the great army. 

The armies of Umayyad caliph Yazid, Husayn had refused to take from them the oath of allegiance. Zayn al-Abidin had accompanied his father on a journey to Kufa.

 He too had been in the Battle of Karbala but survived the war because he was sick. When the Umayyad forces killed Husayn and his male followers, they plundered the tents and took the skin lying on them.

 Shemar was said to have killed Zayn al-Abidin. His aunt, Zaynab, however, urged Umar ibn Sa'ad, the Umayyad commander, to save his life. Ali ibn al-Husayn and women and children were marched to Death as captives. 

According to al-Shaykh al-Mufid, they were loaded with empty camels, chains chained around Ali's neck bleeding, while he was paralyzed due to illness. 

The women of Kufan ​​began to cry when they saw the captives, and Ali reportedly remarked, "They are crying and weeping over us! So who killed us?" 

Ali was presented before Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad as a prisoner. When Ibn Ziad asked him to introduce himself, he replied, "I am Ali ibn Husayn." Ibn Ziad in this case asked, “Did not Allah kill Ali ibn al-Husayn? 

He replied, "I had an older brother also named Ali, who killed him." "God has killed him," cried Ibn Ziad. Ali then quoted from the Quran verse, saying that God takes souls at the time of death, which means that God does not kill people. Ibn Ziad angrily protested and ordered his execution. However, she was rescued by Zaynab's intervention.

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